( 11) except Surui for a total of 53 populations.Įach of the 1,027 individuals was genotyped for 783 autosomal microsatellite loci, which included the 377 loci from Marshfield Screening Set no. Thus, the present data set includes two additional populations along with all populations studied by Rosenberg et al. 1028, 1031, and 1035) and Southeastern Bantu (individuals no. 993, 994, 1028, 1030, 1031, 1033, 1034, and 1035, who were previously excluded as members of populations with small sample sizes but who were grouped for the present analysis into Southwestern Bantu (individuals no.
1331, whose genotypes had been unavailable at the time of the Rosenberg et al. ( 11) but analyzed here included the following: ( i) no. Individuals not studied by Rosenberg et al. 111 and 220, who were identified by Mountain and Ramakrishnan ( 12) as duplicates of each other but whose population labels differed and ( v) 21 individuals from the Surui population, an extreme outlier in a variety of previous analyses ( 11, 13, 14). 589, 652, 659, 826, 979, 981, 1022, 1025, 1087, 1092, 1154, and 1235, each of whom was identified by Mountain and Ramakrishnan ( 12) as a duplicate sample of another individual included in the panel ( iv) nos. ( 11) as likely labeling errors ( iii) nos. 770 and 980, who were identified by Rosenberg et al. ( 11) but who was not in the HGDP-CEPH panel ( ii) nos. 1026, who was studied by Rosenberg et al. ( 11) were excluded from the present analysis. Several individuals from the collection of 1,056 individuals studied by Rosenberg et al.
The data set that we analyzed consists of 1,027 individuals from the HGDP-CEPH Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel ( 10). Given this serial-founder scenario, the relationship between genetic and geographic distance allows us to derive bounds for the effects of drift and natural selection on human genetic variation.ĭata.
#GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE MATRIX IN GENODIVE SERIAL#
Although the relationship between F ST and geographic distance has been interpreted in the past as the result of an equilibrium model of drift and dispersal, simulation shows that the geographic pattern of heterozygosities in this data set is consistent with a model of a serial founder effect starting at a single origin. Considering a worldwide set of geographic locations as possible sources of the human expansion, we find that heterozygosities in the globally distributed populations of the data set are best explained by an expansion originating in Africa and that no geographic origin outside of Africa accounts as well for the observed patterns of genetic diversity. A close relationship is shown to exist between the correlation of geographic distance and genetic differentiation (as measured by F ST) and the geographic pattern of heterozygosity across populations. Here we find a linear relationship between genetic and geographic distance in a worldwide sample of human populations, with major deviations from the fitted line explicable by admixture or extreme isolation.
Equilibrium models of isolation by distance predict an increase in genetic differentiation with geographic distance.